The definition of Shopping Mall or shopping center has several meanings, namely shopping mall is a shopping center with the core of one and several large department stores as an attraction for small retail and restaurants with a building typology that is like a shop facing the main corridor of the mall or pedestrian which is the main element of a shopping mall with a function as circulation and as a communal space for the interaction between visitors and merchants.
The early history of Shopping Mall, the concept of a shopping center or shopping mall is actually not an innovation. Shopping malls are an evolution of traditional markets, which have existed since the Middle Ages. In the beginning, people in ancient times carried out trade transactions under trees that formed a row. However, as the population increases, the quality of goods and the number of goods traded also increases.
Likewise, the selling places became increasingly widespread to match the needs and demands of society at that time. In the Middle East, there is the Grand Bazar which is a trading center location consisting of a collection of several independent shops under one structure, which has been around since the 10th century. While an example in Europe is The Burlington Arcade in London which was officially opened in the year but The construction of a new mall concept was introduced through the building in the arcade in Providence, Rhode Island, the United States in Finally the construction of a shopping center or mall was followed by various major cities in the world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The mall only has shop facilities and sells interesting items, a food court, and an area for parking vehicles in line with the increasing needs of the community, these facilities are deemed insufficient to meet the needs of visitors and shopping mall users. To attract attention and prevent visitors from feeling bored, the Shopping center was developed by creating a more attractive, unique, and different atmosphere from the selection of building concepts and building interiors that follow the times. Besides, entertainment or entertainment facilities are also added such as cinemas, cafes, video game centers, and others. The success of the shopping mall development spread throughout the world, which in the end became an open competition for many parties such as countries, architects, and designers to compete with each other to build a shopping center or mall that was more complete, better, and largest.